Common mathematical functions

 

C++

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Technical Specifications

 

Numerics library

Common mathematical functions

Special mathematical functions

Floating-point environment (C++11)

Complex numbers

Numeric arrays

Pseudo-random number generation

Compile-time rational arithmetic (C++11)

Numeric algorithms

gcd (C++17)

lcm (C++17)

Generic numeric operations

iota (C++11)

accumulate

inner_product

adjacent_difference

partial_sum

reduce (C++17)

transform_reduce (C++17)

inclusive_scan (C++17)

exclusive_scan (C++17)

transform_inclusive_scan (C++17)

transform_exclusive_scan (C++17)

Bit operations

bit_cast (C++20)

ispow2 (C++20)

ceil2 (C++20)

floor2 (C++20)

log2p1 (C++20)

 

Common mathematical functions

Functions
Basic operations
abs(int)labsllabsimaxabs (C++11) abs(float)fabs divldivlldivimaxdiv (C++11) fmod	remainder (C++11) remquo (C++11) fma (C++11) fmax (C++11) fmin (C++11) fdim (C++11) nannanfnanl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
Exponential functions
exp exp2 (C++11) expm1 (C++11)	log log10 log1p (C++11) log2 (C++11)
Power functions
sqrt cbrt (C++11)	hypot (C++11) pow
Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
sin cos tan asin acos atan atan2	sinh cosh tanh asinh (C++11) acosh (C++11) atanh (C++11)

Error and gamma functions
erf (C++11) erfc (C++11)	lgamma (C++11) tgamma (C++11)
Nearest integer floating point operations
ceil floor roundlroundllround (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	trunc (C++11) nearbyint (C++11) rintlrintllrint (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
Floating point manipulation functions
ldexp scalbnscalbln (C++11)(C++11) ilogb (C++11) logb (C++11)	frexp modf nextafternexttoward (C++11)(C++11) copysign (C++11)
Classification/Comparison
fpclassify (C++11) isfinite (C++11) isinf (C++11) isnan (C++11) isnormal (C++11) signbit (C++11)	isgreater (C++11) isgreaterequal (C++11) isless (C++11) islessequal (C++11) islessgreater (C++11) isunordered (C++11)
Macro constants
HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALL (C++11)(C++11) INFINITY (C++11) NAN (C++11) math_errhandlingMATH_ERRNOMATH_ERREXCEPT (C++11)	FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)

 

Functions

Defined in header <cstdlib>
abs(int)labsllabs (C++11)	computes absolute value of an integral value (|x|) (function)
div(int)ldivlldiv (C++11)	computes quotient and remainder of integer division (function)
Defined in header <cinttypes>
abs(std::intmax_t)imaxabs (C++11)(C++11)	computes absolute value of an integral value (|x|) (function)
div(std::intmax_t)imaxdiv (C++11)(C++11)	computes quotient and remainder of integer division (function)
Defined in header <cmath>
Basic operations
abs(float) fabs	absolute value of a floating point value (|x|) (function)
fmod	remainder of the floating point division operation (function)
remainder (C++11)	signed remainder of the division operation (function)
remquo (C++11)	signed remainder as well as the three last bits of the division operation (function)
fma (C++11)	fused multiply-add operation (function)
fmax (C++11)	larger of two floating point values (function)
fmin (C++11)	smaller of two floating point values (function)
fdim (C++11)	positive difference of two floating point values (max(0, x-y)) (function)
nannanfnanl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	not-a-number (NaN) (function)
Exponential functions
exp	returns e raised to the given power (ex) (function)
exp2 (C++11)	returns 2 raised to the given power (2x) (function)
expm1 (C++11)	returns e raised to the given power, minus one (ex-1) (function)
log	computes natural (base e) logarithm (ln(x)) (function)
log10	computes common (base 10) logarithm (log10(x)) (function)
log2 (C++11)	base 2 logarithm of the given number (log2(x)) (function)
log1p (C++11)	natural logarithm (to base e) of 1 plus the given number (ln(1+x)) (function)
Power functions
pow	raises a number to the given power (xy) (function)
sqrt	computes square root (√x) (function)
cbrt (C++11)	computes cubic root (3√x) (function)
hypot (C++11)	computes square root of the sum of the squares of two given numbers (√x2 +y2 ) (function)
Trigonometric functions
sin	computes sine (sin(x)) (function)
cos	computes cosine (cos(x)) (function)
tan	computes tangent (tan(x)) (function)
asin	computes arc sine (arcsin(x)) (function)
acos	computes arc cosine (arccos(x)) (function)
atan	computes arc tangent (arctan(x)) (function)
atan2	arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants (function)
Hyperbolic functions
sinh	computes hyperbolic sine (sh(x)) (function)
cosh	computes hyperbolic cosine (ch(x)) (function)
tanh	hyperbolic tangent (function)
asinh (C++11)	computes the inverse hyperbolic sine (arsinh(x)) (function)
acosh (C++11)	computes the inverse hyperbolic cosine (arcosh(x)) (function)
atanh (C++11)	computes the inverse hyperbolic tangent (artanh(x)) (function)
Error and gamma functions
erf (C++11)	error function (function)
erfc (C++11)	complementary error function (function)
tgamma (C++11)	gamma function (function)
lgamma (C++11)	natural logarithm of the gamma function (function)
Nearest integer floating point operations
ceil	nearest integer not less than the given value (function)
floor	nearest integer not greater than the given value (function)
trunc (C++11)	nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value (function)
roundlroundllround (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	nearest integer, rounding away from zero in halfway cases (function)
nearbyint (C++11)	nearest integer using current rounding mode (function)
rintlrintllrint (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	nearest integer using current rounding mode with exception if the result differs (function)
Floating point manipulation functions
frexp	decomposes a number into significand and a power of 2 (function)
ldexp	multiplies a number by 2 raised to a power (function)
modf	decomposes a number into integer and fractional parts (function)
scalbnscalbln (C++11)(C++11)	multiplies a number by FLT_RADIX raised to a power (function)
ilogb (C++11)	extracts exponent of the number (function)
logb (C++11)	extracts exponent of the number (function)
nextafternexttoward (C++11)(C++11)	next representable floating point value towards the given value (function)
copysign (C++11)	copies the sign of a floating point value (function)
Classification and comparison
fpclassify (C++11)	categorizes the given floating point value (function)
isfinite (C++11)	checks if the given number has finite value (function)
isinf (C++11)	checks if the given number is infinite (function)
isnan (C++11)	checks if the given number is NaN (function)
isnormal (C++11)	checks if the given number is normal (function)
signbit (C++11)	checks if the given number is negative (function)
isgreater (C++11)	checks if the first floating-point argument is greater than the second (function)
isgreaterequal (C++11)	checks if the first floating-point argument is greater or equal than the second (function)
isless (C++11)	checks if the first floating-point argument is less than the second (function)
islessequal (C++11)	checks if the first floating-point argument is less or equal than the second (function)
islessgreater (C++11)	checks if the first floating-point argument is less or greater than the second (function)
isunordered (C++11)	checks if two floating-point values are unordered (function)

Types

Defined in header <cstdlib>
div_t	structure type, return of the std::div function (typedef)
ldiv_t	structure type, return of the std::ldiv function (typedef)
lldiv_t (C++11)	structure type, return of the std::lldiv function (typedef)
Defined in header <cinttypes>
imaxdiv_t (C++11)	structure type, return of the std::imaxdiv function (typedef)
Defined in header <cmath>
float_t (C++11)	most efficient floating-point type at least as wide as float (typedef)
double_t (C++11)	most efficient floating-point type at least as wide as double (typedef)

Macro constants

Defined in header <cmath>
HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALL (C++11)(C++11)	indicates the overflow value for float, double and long double respectively (macro constant)
INFINITY (C++11)	evaluates to positive infinity or the value guaranteed to overflow a float (macro constant)
NAN (C++11)	evaluates to a quiet NaN of type float (macro constant)
math_errhandlingMATH_ERRNOMATH_ERREXCEPT (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	defines the error handling mechanism used by the common mathematical functions (macro constant)
Classification
FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	indicates a floating-point category (macro constant)

See also

Mathematical special functions

C documentation for Common mathematical functions